1778 crossword clue.ĭon't forget to come back next time you need help to find more answers to your crossword problems. Hopefully this tool has helped you to find the correct answer to your Rule Britannia's composer, d. Margaret's successor as Secretary of Education _ Saknussemm, discoverer of the center of the earth in "Journey to the Center of the Earth"īarack Obama's Secretary of Education _ DuncanĬontralto Susannah Maria _ who debuted in her brother Thomas's first opera _ Duncan, Secretary of Education whose resignation the NEA called for in 2014 While thou shalt flourish, shalt flourish great and free,_ Duncan, education secretary under Obama Must in, must in, must in their turn, to ty-y-rants fall, Must i-i-i-i-in their turn, to ty-y-yrants fall, The nations, no-o-o-o-ot so blest as thee, This was the charter, the charter of the land,Īnd guardian A-a-angels sang this strain:īritons never, never, never shall be slaves. When Britain fi-i-irst, at heaven's command,Īro-o-o-ose from out the a-a-a-zure main,Īrose, arose, arose from out the a-azure main, This version known as "Married to a Mermaid" became extremely popular when Mallet produced his masque of Britannia at Drury Lane Theatre in 1755. In 1751 Mallet altered the lyrics, omitting three of the original six stanzas and adding three others, written by Lord Bolingbroke.
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The same theme was repeated in the Navy's own "Heart of Oak", written two decades later: To honour we call you, as freemen not slaves/For who are so free as the sons of the waves?. Incidentally, Thomson wrote the word "never" only once, but it has been popularly corrupted to "never, never, never", possibly because it is actually easier to sing. This might have some bearing on the song's famous refrain "Britons never will be slaves!". Thomson had written The Tragedy of Sophonisba (1730), based on the historical figure of Sophonisba – a proud princess of Carthage, a major sea-power of the ancient world, who had committed suicide rather than submit to slavery at the hands of the Romans. He had an interest in helping foster a British identity, including and transcending the older English, Irish, Welsh and Scottish identities.
Thomson was a Scottish poet and playwright, who spent most of his adult life in England and hoped to make his fortune at Court. A masque linking the prince with both the medieval hero-king Alfred the Great's victories over the Vikings and with the current building of British sea power – exemplified by the recent successful capture of Porto Bello from the Spanish by Admiral Vernon on 21 November 1739, avenging in the eyes of the British public Admiral Hosier's disastrous Blockade of Porto Bello of 1726–27 – went well with his political plans and aspirations. This British national air was originally included in Alfred, a masque about Alfred the Great co-written by Thomson and David Mallet and first performed at Cliveden, country home of Frederick, Prince of Wales (the eldest son of George II and father of the future George III, as well as the great-grandfather of Queen Victoria), on 1 August 1740, to commemorate the accession of George II and the third birthday of the Princess Augusta.įrederick, a German prince who arrived in England as an adult and was on very bad terms with his father, was making considerable efforts to ingratiate himself and build a following among his subjects-to-be (which came to naught, as he predeceased his father and never became king). It is strongly associated with the Royal Navy, but also used by the British Army. " Rule, Britannia!" is a British patriotic song, originating from the poem "Rule, Britannia" by James Thomson and set to music by Thomas Arne in 1740.
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